Mā te utu, te mārō rānei, ko nga rawa whakahaere o te hiko ka taea te whakahaere i te wāhanga irahiko.

Ka whakarato tonu te kura i te pito me te poti ki te hinu : ki te take o tētahi pūtau hinu hauwai, ka whiwhi te anode i te hauwai me te hāora ngen, ki tētahi atu kupu hau.
Ma te pito e whakararuraru ai te hinu me te putanga o nga irahiko, e whakahaua ana e te hiko ā-hiko kia puta i roto i tētahi ara ā-waho. Nō reira ka tukuna e tēnei ara ā-waho he hiko motukore.

Ko nga ions me nga irahiko, i huihui ki roto i te poti, kātahi ka whakakotahi anō ki te hinu tuarua, ko te nuinga o te hāora. He whakaiti tēnei, e hanga ana i te wai me te wera i tua atu i te hiko o nāianei.
Ki te tukua, ka haere tonu te pūhiko.

I te pito, nō reira he āhuatanga ā-hiko tātau o te hauwai :

H2 → 2H+ + tua2-

I te poti, ka mātakina te whakaititanga o te hāora :

1⁄2O2 + 2H+ + 2nd- → H2O

Ko te rau toenga katoa ko :

H2 + 1/2 O2 → H2O

Proton Exchange Kiriuhi Pūtau Hinu (PEMFC) :
Ka whakamahia e ngā PEMFCs tētahi kiriuhi waerau, i te nuinga o te wā®, hei hiko. E mahi ana rātau i ngā pāmahana iti rawa (tata ki te 80-100°C) ā, ka whakamahia nuitia ki ngā taupānga kawenga, pēnei i ngā motokā hauwai, nā tō rātou tīmatanga tere me te kiato hiko tiketike.

Ngā pūtau hinu waikura (SOFCs) :
Ka whakamahia e SOFCs tētahi hiko mārō, pēnei i te zirconium waikura yttria (YSZ), ā, ka mahi i ngā pāmahana tiketike (huri noa i te 600-1000°C). He māia rātau mo te whakatipuranga hiko ā-whare me te whakatipuranga, nā tō rātou kaha tiketike me te tairongotanga iti ki ngā āhuatanga hinu.

Ngā Pūtau Hinu Waikura Tiketike (HT-SOFC) :
He taupēnga ngā HT-SOFCs o ngā SOFCs e mahi ana i ngā pāmahana teitei ake (i runga ake i te 800°C). E tukuna ana e rātau ngā āhuatanga tiketike, ā, ka taea te whakahiko e ngā momo kora maha, mā te whakarite i a rātou he kōwhiringa ātaahua mō ngā taupānga teihana e hiahia ana ki te tōtika tiketike.

Ngā pūtau hinu waro (FCFCs) :
Ka whakamahia e ngā MCFCs tētahi hiko waro e whakamahia ana i te pāmahana tiketike (tata ki te 600-700°C). He māia rātau mō te whakatipuranga, ā, ka taea te whakahaere i runga i ngā kora e pupuri ana i te waro taikura, kia whai painga ai rātou mō te hopuhopu me te penapena CO2.

Ngā pūtau hinu Raina Alkaline (AFCs) :
Ko te nuinga o te wā ka whakamahia e ngā CFLs tētahi rongoā ā-hiko, i te nuinga o te wā he rongoā ātaahua o te kōhua, te konutai waihā rānei. He māia, he ātaahua rātou, engari e hiahiatia ana e rātou ngā whakakōkī ā-pūpū, ā, ka pai ake te mahi ki te hauwai mā, e whakawhāiti ana i ā rātou taupānga.

Ngā pūtau hinu waikawa Phosphoric (PAFC) :
Ka whakamahia e ngā PAFCs tētahi hiko waikawa phosphoric kei roto i tētahi motuuhi waikawa waerau. E mahi ana rātau i ngā pāmahana tino tiketike (tata ki te 150-220°C) ā, ka whakamahia i te nuinga o te wā i roto i ngā taupānga whakatipuranga ā-whare me ngā taupānga whakatipuranga hiko.

Ngā pūtau hinu whakawhiti Proton (PEM) :
Ko ngā pūtau hinu PEM kei waenganui i ngā taupānga tino whakamahia nuitia, i roto hoki i ngā taupānga haerenga me ngā taupānga teihana. Ka tukuna e rātau he hokinga tiketike, i waenganui i te 40% me te 60%. Heoi anō, ka rerekē pea tēnei tōtika i runga anō i ngā take pēnei i te pāmahana mahi, te pēhanga hauwai, me ngā hinganga i roto i te pūnaha.

Ngā pūtau hinu waikura (SOFCs) :
E mōhiotia ana ngā pūtau hinu SOFC hei tuku i ngā āhuatanga tiketike, i te nuinga o te 50%. Ka taea e ētahi pūtau hinu SOFC arā atu anō te whiwhi i ngā āhuatanga o neke atu i te 60%. I te nuinga o te wā e whakamahia ana rātau i roto i ngā taupānga teihana e tino hiahiatia ana te tōtika tiketike.

Ngā Pūtau Hinu Waikura Tiketike (HT-SOFC) :
E mahi ana ngā HT-SOFCs i ngā pāmahana teitei ake i ngā SOFCs pūnoa, e āhei ai rātou ki te whakaoti i ngā āhuatanga teitei ake, i te nuinga o te 60%. Ko te nuinga o te wā e whakamahia ana ēnei pūtau hinu i roto i ngā taupānga ā-whare me ngā taupānga whakatupu.

Ngā pūtau hinu waro (FCFCs) :
Ka taea e ngā pūtau hinu MCFC te whakaoti i ngā āhuatanga tiketike, i waenganui i te 50% me te 60%. I te nuinga o te wā e whakamahia ana rātou i roto i ngā taupānga whakatupu e taea ai te whakaora me te whakamahi pai i te wera moumou.

Whakapai i te haerenga :
Ka taea te whakamahi i ngā pūtau hinu hei pūtake hiko mō ngā waka pūtau hinu (FCVs), pēnei i ngā motokā, ngā taraka, ngā pahi, me ngā tereina. Ka whakamahia e ngā RW te hauwai hei hinu, ā, ka whakaputa hiko mā te paheko hauwai ki te hāora hāora mai i te hau. Ka hanga anake rātau i te wai me te wera hei hua ā-ringa, e whakarato ana i tētahi whiringa mā ki ngā waka pūkaha paheko ā-roto.

Pūngao teihana :
Ka taea te whakamahi i ngā pūtau hinu hei pūtake hiko teihana mō ngā taupānga maha, tae atu ki ngā pūnaha pūrua me te pūrua, ngā pūkenga waea, ngā pourewa pūtau, ngā pou take, ngā pūnaha whakahaere pūngao mō ngā whare arumoni, kāinga hoki, me ngā pūnaha whakatupuranga hiko tuari.

Ngā MeaHiko Kawe :
Ka taea e ngā pūtau hinu te hiko i ngā pūrere hiko ā-kawe pēnei i ngā rorohiko pona, ngā rorohiko rorohiko, ngā paparorohiko, me ngā pūrere ine āpure. Mā tō rātou kiato pūngao tiketike me te wā whakahaere whānui ka noho he rongoā ātaahua mō ngā taupānga e hiahia ana ki te hiko ā-kawe, ora roa.

Ngā Taupānga Hōia :
Ka taea te whakamahi i ngā pūtau hinu ki ngā taupānga hōia pēnei i te drone, ngā waka hōia, te matatū āpure me ngā taputapu whakawhitiwhiti, me ngā pūnaha ārai, e whakarato ana i te hiko pono, kōpae hoki i roto i ngā taiao e hiahiatia ana.

Ngā taupānga mokowā :
I roto i te umanga mokowā, ka whakamahia ngā pūtau hinu ki ngā aorangi hiko, ngā pou mokowā, me ngā rapu mokowā. Ma to rātau kaha tiketike, te whaikiko, me te taumahatanga iti ka noho hei pūtake hiko ātaahua mō ngā mahi mokowā mo te wā roa.

Ngā taupānga mahi :
Ka taea te whakamahi i ngā pūtau hinu i roto i ngā momo taupānga mahi pēnei i te whakatipuranga, te whakatipuranga hiko tuari, te mahinga wai moumou, te wera me te whakatipuranga hiko mō ngā tukanga mahi, me te whakaputa hauwai mai i ngā pūtake whakahou.