Ka taea te tūhonotanga Ipurangi mā tētahi pouara ahokore. Ina uru koe ki Wi-Fi, kei te tūhono koe ki tētahi pouara ahokore, e āhei ai ō pūrere hototahi ki te uru ki te ipurangi.

Whakakētanga me te tarenga raraunga :
Ka tīmata te tukanga o te tuku raraunga Wi-Fi ki te kōwae tohu. Ka tahuritia te raraunga mamati hei tuku hei tohu auau reo irirangi kua whakaritea. Ka taea e tēnei kōwaetanga te whakamahi i ngā pūkenga rerekē, pēnei i te kōwaetanga wāhanga (PSK), te amplitude rānei (ASK), hei tohu i ngā moka raraunga.

Ngā maiorooro me ngā hongere :
Ka mahi ngā whatunga Wi-Fi i roto i ngā here auau reo irirangi kāore i te mōhiotia, i te nuinga o ngā here 2.4 GHz me te 5 GHz. Kua whakawehea ēnei here ki ngā hongere, he awhe

Hiko Wai

Ka whakamahi hiko te wai hei whati i te wai (H2O) ki te hauwai (H2) me te hāora (O2) Whakaputa wai He maha ngā huarahi o nāianei hei whakaputa hauwai, ia tangata whai painga me ōna hē mō te utu, te tōtika pūngao, te pānga taiao : Ngā hiko wai :

auau tauwhāiti ka taea e ngā pūrere Wi-Fi te whakawhiti kōrero. Ka whakaaetia e ngā hongere Wi-Fi ngā whatunga maha kia noho tahi me te kore whakararuraru nui rawa.

Urunga Maha :
Hei whakaae i ngā pūrere maha kia tiritiri i te hongere ōrite me te whakawhiti kōrero i te wā kotahi, ka whakamahia e Wi-Fi ngā pūkenga āheitanga maha, pēnei i te Carrier Sense Multiple Access me te Avoidance Collision (CSMA/CA). I mua i te tuku raraunga, ka whakarongo tētahi pūrere Wi-Fi ki te hongere mō ngā ngohe. Ki te kore e kitea he ngohe, ka taea te tuku i ōna raraunga. Ki te kore, e tatari ana mō tētahi wā matapōkere i mua i te ngana anō.

Whakawaehenetanga me ngā kawa :
Kua mawhiti te raraunga hei tare mā tētahi whatunga Wi-Fi i roto i ngā tāpare, e ai ki ngā paerewa kawa Wi-Fi (pēnei i te IEEE 802.11). Kei roto i ēnei tāpare ko ngā mōhiohio pēnei i te wāhitau MAC o te kaituku me te pūwhiwhi, te momo tāpare, te raraunga anō, me ērā atu mea. Ka whakamahia ngā momo tāpare rerekē mō ngā momo whakawhitiwhitinga rerekē, pēnei i te whakahaeretanga, te mana, me ngā tāpare raraunga.

Motuhēhēnga me te Hono :
I mua i te whakawhiti kōrero a tētahi pūrere mā tētahi whatunga Wi-Fi, me whakamotuhēhē me te takirua me tētahi pūwāhi uru Wi-Fi (AP), pouara rānei. Ko te tikanga kei roto i tēnei tētahi whakawhitinga o ngā karere motuhēhēnga me ngā karere pāhonotanga i waenga i te pūrere me te pito uru, e tuku ai te pūrere i ngā tai

Ngā Whakaritenga M8 Mō ngā tūhono M8, he tikanga noa iho mō ngā putanga 3-, 4-, 6-, me ngā putanga 8-pin : 3-pin M8 ngā tūhono : Ka whakamahia nuitia ēnei tūhono ki te pūoko me te whakawhiti taupānga i roto i ngā tautuhinga mahi.
I te nuinga o te wā e whaiaho ana nga pine hai tautoko i nga tohu hiko me nga tohu whakahaere. 4-pin M8 ngā tūhono :

pitopito tuakiri (pēnei i te kupuhipa) hei whakamātau i tōna whakamanatanga kia uru ki te whatunga.

Whakamunatanga me te haumarutanga :
He mea nui te whakamuna raraunga i roto i tētahi whatunga Wi-Fi hei ārai i ngā tangata kāore i te whakaaetia kia kaua e haukoti me te pānui i ngā mōhiohio tai

Ngā Whakaritenga M8 Mō ngā tūhono M8, he tikanga noa iho mō ngā putanga 3-, 4-, 6-, me ngā putanga 8-pin : 3-pin M8 ngā tūhono : Ka whakamahia nuitia ēnei tūhono ki te pūoko me te whakawhiti taupānga i roto i ngā tautuhinga mahi.
I te nuinga o te wā e whaiaho ana nga pine hai tautoko i nga tohu hiko me nga tohu whakahaere. 4-pin M8 ngā tūhono :

rongo. Ko ngā kawa haumarutanga, pēnei i te Uru Pare Wi-Fi 2 (WPA2) me te WPA3, i hoahoatia hei whakarato i tēnei parenga mā te whakamahi i ngā aratuka whakamunatanga pakari.

Kua roa te WPA2 te paerewa haumarutanga matua mō ngā whatunga Wi-Fi. Ka whakamahi i ngā kawa whakamunatanga arā atu anō, pēnei i te AES (Advanced Encryption Standard), hei haumaru i ngā raraunga e haere ana i runga i te whatunga. Heoi anō, me te kunenga o ngā whakaekenga rorohiko me ngā hangarau, kua tika te whakamunatanga hōu me ngā aratuka haumarutanga.

Koia tērā te wāhi e haere mai ai te WPA3, te whitinga hōu rawa o ngā kawa haumarutanga Wi-Fi. Ka kawea mai e WPA3 ētahi whakapainga maha ki runga i tōna tuatahi, tae atu ki ngā pūkenga whakamunatanga pakari ake me te parenga pai ake ki ngā whakaekenga tōpana brute. Ka whakamōhiotia hoki ngā āhuahira pēnei i te Parenga Raraunga Takitahi e whakapai ake ana i te haumarutanga o ngā whatunga Wi-Fi, i ngā tai

Ngā Whakaritenga M8 Mō ngā tūhono M8, he tikanga noa iho mō ngā putanga 3-, 4-, 6-, me ngā putanga 8-pin : 3-pin M8 ngā tūhono : Ka whakamahia nuitia ēnei tūhono ki te pūoko me te whakawhiti taupānga i roto i ngā tautuhinga mahi.
I te nuinga o te wā e whaiaho ana nga pine hai tautoko i nga tohu hiko me nga tohu whakahaere. 4-pin M8 ngā tūhono :

ao e tūhono ai ngā pūrere maha i te wā kotahi.

I tua atu i te whakamunatanga, ka taea hoki e ngā whatunga Wi-Fi te whakamahi i ngā pūkenga motuhēhēnga hei manatoko i te tuakiri o ngā kaiwhakamahi me ngā pūrere. Hei tauira, ka taea e ngā whatunga rangatōpū te whakatinana i ngā pūnaha motuhēhēnga ā- tiwhikete, ngā ingoakaiwhakamahi me ngā kupuhipa rānei kia taea ai e ngā kaiwhakamahi mana anake te uru ki te whatunga.

Ko te hangarau Wi-Fi, nō reira kua whakaritea, kua kite i ōna āhuatanga me ōna tere e tipu ana i roto i te wā me te whakamahinga. Ko ia paerewa WiFi me te kaitāutu 802.11 e whaia ana e tētahi reta e whakapuaki ana i tōna whakatupuranga.
Aujourd’hui, on considère que les normes 802.11 a/b/g sont quelques peu dépassées. Depuis ses origines en 1 9 9 7, les normes Wi-Fi se sont succédées pour laisser place tout récemment, fin 2019 à la norme Wi-Fi 6E (802.11ax).

He rerekē ngā aratau whatunga :

Te aratau "Hangahanga"
He aratau e āhei ai ngā rorohiko whai kāri Wi-Fi kia tūhono ki a rātou anō mā tētahi, neke atu rānei ngā pito uru (APs) e mahi ana hei pokapū. I mua, ko te nuinga o te wā i whakamahia tēnei aratuka i roto i nga kamupene. Mō tēnei take, me whiwhi te tāutanga o tēnei whatunga i te tāutanga o ngā kāpeka "Access Point" (AP) i ngā wā auau i te rohe kia hipokina. Me whirihora ngā kāpeka, me ngā mihini hoki, ki te ingoa whatunga ōrite (SSID = Service Set IDentifier) kia taea ai te whakawhiti kōrero. Ko te painga o tēnei aratau, i ngā kamupene, e whakaū ana i tētahi wāhanga whakahau mā te Pūwāhi Uru : nō reira ka taea te taki ko wai e uru ana ki te whatunga. I tēnei wā, ko ngā ISPs, ngā pātaka motuhake, me ngā pātaka pouaka nunui e whakarato ana i ngā tangata whai pouara ahokore e mahi ana i te aratau "Hangahanga", i a rātou e tino ngāwari ana ki te whirihora.

Te aratau "Ad hoc"
He aratau e āhei ai ngā rorohiko whai kāri Wi-Fi kia tūhono hāngai, me te kore whakamahi i ngā pūmārō hunga-tuatoru pēnei i tētahi pito uru. He tino pai tēnei aratau mō ngā mīhini tūhono tere ki a rāua anō me te kore taputapu tāpiri (hei tauira, e whakawhiti ana i ngā kōnae i waenga i ngā waea pūkoro i runga i tētahi tereina, i te tiriti, i tētahi wharekai, ērā atu mea). Ko te whakatinanatanga o tēnei whatunga ko te whirihora i ngā mihini ki te aratau "Ad hoc", te tīpakonga o tētahi hongere (ōrite), he ingoa whatunga (SSID) ngātahi ki te katoa, ā, mēnā e hiahiatia ana, he kī whakamunatanga. Ko te painga o tēnei aratau, kāore e hiahiatia he pūmārō hunga-tuatoru. Mā ngā kawa ararere hihiri (hei tauira, OLSR, AODV, ērā atu mea) ka taea te whakamahi i ngā whatunga mesh motuhake kāore te awhe

Hiko Wai

Ka whakamahi hiko te wai hei whati i te wai (H2O) ki te hauwai (H2) me te hāora (O2) Whakaputa wai He maha ngā huarahi o nāianei hei whakaputa hauwai, ia tangata whai painga me ōna hē mō te utu, te tōtika pūngao, te pānga taiao : Ngā hiko wai :

i te whāiti ki ōna hoa noho.

Aratau Arawhiti
Ka whakamahia tētahi pūwāhi uru arawhiti hei tūhono tahi i tētahi, neke atu rānei o ngā pūwāhi uru hei whakaroa atu i tētahi whatunga whaiaho, pēnei i waenganui i ngā whare e rua. Ka hangaia te tūhononga ki te apa OSI 2. Me mahi tētahi pūwāhi uru ki te aratau "Root" ("Root Bridge", i te nuinga o te wā e tohatoha ana i te urunga Ipurangi) me ētahi atu e hono ana ki taua mea ki te aratau "Bridge" kātahi ka whakawhiti anō i te tūhononga mā tō rātou atanga Ethernet. Ka taea te whirihora kōwhiringa i ia pūwāhi uru ki te aratau "Bridge" me te tūhononga kiritaki. Mā tēnei aratau ka taea e koe te hanga arawhiti i a koe e pōhiri ana i ngā kiritaki pēnei i te aratau "Infrastructure".

Te aratau "Range-extender"
Mā tētahi pūwāhi uru i roto i te aratau "Repeater" ka taea te tārua anō i tētahi tohu Wi-Fi. Kāore i te ōrite ki te Aratau Arawhiti, ka noho tautauā tonu te atanga Itarangi. Heoi anō, ka whakanuia e ia "hop" tāpiri te tōmuri o te tūhononga. He āhuatanga anō tā te kairua ki te whakaiti i te tere o te tūhononga. He pono, me whiwhi tōna pūhihi i tētahi tohu me te whakawhiti anō mā te atanga kotahi, e wehe ana te ariā i te tautohe mā te hawhe

Hiko Wai

Ka whakamahi hiko te wai hei whati i te wai (H2O) ki te hauwai (H2) me te hāora (O2) Whakaputa wai He maha ngā huarahi o nāianei hei whakaputa hauwai, ia tangata whai painga me ōna hē mō te utu, te tōtika pūngao, te pānga taiao : Ngā hiko wai :

.

Ko te WiFi 6E, e mōhiotia ana hoki ko 6GHz WiFi, e tohu ana i tētahi kōkiri nui i te āpure whatunga ahokore. Ko tēnei paerewa hōu, i runga anō i te paerewa 802.11ax, e tuku ana i ngā huarahi me ngā painga maha e huri ana i ngā āheinga me te mahinga o ngā whatunga WiFi.

Tuatahi, ko te tauwhiro mai i te paerewa WiFi 802.11ax ki WiFi 6E e tohu ana i tētahi whakamāramatanga me te whakangāwari i roto i te kupu e whakamahia ana hei whakaahua i ngā whakatupuranga rerekē o WiFi. Mā tēnei paerewa ka pai ake te mōhiotanga ki ngā hangarau WiFi mō ngā kaiwhakamahi me ngā tohunga mātauranga.

Ko tētahi o ngā āhuahira matua o WiFi 6E ko te whakatakinga o ngā auautanga hōu, i roto i te tāhei 6 GHz. Ka whakatuwheratia e tēnei hāngaitanga ngā āheinga hōu mō te whakamahi i te tūāwhiotanga irirangi, nā reira ka tuku i ētahi atu hongere me te whakaiti i te whakararuraru. Ko te tāhei auau 6 GHz hōu, mai i te 5945 ki te 6425 MHz, he mokowā nui mō te tukunga o ngā whatunga WiFi tere rawa.

E ai ki te mahinga, ka kawea mai e WiFi 6E ētahi mahi hou. Ko MiMo (Ngā Tāuru Maha, Ngā Huaputa Maha) he tikanga e āhei ai ngā pūhihi maha kia tāpirihia ki tētahi pūrere WiFi, te whakanui ake i tōna kaha ki te whakahaere i ngā roma raraunga maha i te wā kotahi. Mā tēnei e hua ai te whakapainga nui o te tere me te whaikikotanga o ngā tūhononga ahokore.

Anō hoki, ka tukuna e WiFi 6E ngā painga mahinga nui me ngā āhuahira pēnei i te OFDMA (Te Urunga Maha o te Whakawāteatanga Maha) me te Mu-MIMO (Kaiwhakamahi Maha, Tāuru Maha, Huaputa Maha). Mā te ODMA ka taea te whakamahi pai ake i te tūāwhiotanga irirangi mā te whakawehe i ngā hongere ki ngā hongere-roto iti iho, e āhei ai te whakahaere pai ake i ngā whakawhitinga whatunga me te nui ake o te kaha whatunga. Mā Mu-MIMO, i tērā taha, ka whakaae i tētahi pūwāhi āheitanga WiFi ki te whakawhiti kōrero ki ngā pūrere maha i te wā kotahi, te whakapiki i te mahinga whatunga whānui, i roto hoki i ngā tai

Ngā Whakaritenga M8 Mō ngā tūhono M8, he tikanga noa iho mō ngā putanga 3-, 4-, 6-, me ngā putanga 8-pin : 3-pin M8 ngā tūhono : Ka whakamahia nuitia ēnei tūhono ki te pūoko me te whakawhiti taupānga i roto i ngā tautuhinga mahi.
I te nuinga o te wā e whaiaho ana nga pine hai tautoko i nga tohu hiko me nga tohu whakahaere. 4-pin M8 ngā tūhono :

ao noho kōpaka.

Kātahi anō ka pai ake hoki te oranga pūhiko o ngā pūrere tūhono ki te hangarau TWT (Target Wake Time). Mā tēnei āhuatanga ka taea e ngā pūrere te whakatau ina tūtatari, ā, ina hiahia rātou ki te whakawhiti kōrero ki te wāhiwera WiFi, te whakaiti i te whakapaunga hiko me te whakaroa i te oranga pūhiko.