Mā tēnei hangarau ka taea te pāoho i ngā pou maha (ngā tau) i runga i tētahi auautanga kua tukuna. DAB+ He acronym te DAB mō te Pāohotanga Ororongo Mamati, ehara i te pāohotanga tai Ngā Whakaritenga M8 Mō ngā tūhono M8, he tikanga noa iho mō ngā putanga 3-, 4-, 6-, me ngā putanga 8-pin : 3-pin M8 ngā tūhono : Ka whakamahia nuitia ēnei tūhono ki te pūoko me te whakawhiti taupānga i roto i ngā tautuhinga mahi. I te nuinga o te wā e whaiaho ana nga pine hai tautoko i nga tohu hiko me nga tohu whakahaere. 4-pin M8 ngā tūhono : ritenga i whakaratoa e te reo irirangi FM. He āhua rite tonu ki te DTT (Digital Teterestrial Television) mō te reo irirangi, me te rerekētanga ka taea e ia te noho tahi me te reo irirangi tai Ngā Whakaritenga M8 Mō ngā tūhono M8, he tikanga noa iho mō ngā putanga 3-, 4-, 6-, me ngā putanga 8-pin : 3-pin M8 ngā tūhono : Ka whakamahia nuitia ēnei tūhono ki te pūoko me te whakawhiti taupānga i roto i ngā tautuhinga mahi. I te nuinga o te wā e whaiaho ana nga pine hai tautoko i nga tohu hiko me nga tohu whakahaere. 4-pin M8 ngā tūhono : ritenga. Mā tēnei hangarau ka taea te pāoho i ngā pou maha (ngā tau) i runga i tētahi auautanga kua tukuna. Ko DAB+ e noho ana i te tāhei VHF III i waenganui i te 174 me te 223 MHz, i whakamahia i mua e te pouaka whakaata tai Ngā Whakaritenga M8 Mō ngā tūhono M8, he tikanga noa iho mō ngā putanga 3-, 4-, 6-, me ngā putanga 8-pin : 3-pin M8 ngā tūhono : Ka whakamahia nuitia ēnei tūhono ki te pūoko me te whakawhiti taupānga i roto i ngā tautuhinga mahi. I te nuinga o te wā e whaiaho ana nga pine hai tautoko i nga tohu hiko me nga tohu whakahaere. 4-pin M8 ngā tūhono : ritenga. Mai i ngā tau e 90 i Uropi, i pāngia e DAB tētahi kunenga hangarau i te tau 2006 me daB+ mā te whakauru i te waehere kōpeketanga HE-AAC V2, e tuku ana i te kounga oro tiketike ake. Heoi anō, kei te āhua tonu te kounga oro i runga i te ōwehenga kōpeketanga : ko te mea o raro, ka taea te purei i ētahi atu reo irirangi. I Wīwī, ko te ōwehenga kōpeketanga ko te 80 kbit/s, e ōrite ana ki tērā o FM. DAB/DAB+ : ngā painga I whakatauritetia ki te reo irirangi FM, he maha ngā painga o DAB+ : Kōwhiringa whānui rawa o ngā pou Whakangāwari whakamahi : Kua whakarārangitia ā-rārangitia ngā Pou, ā, ka puta anake ina wātea Kāore he whakararuraru i waenganui i ngā reo irirangi Whakarongo haere tonu i roto i te motokā me te kore huri auau Kounga oro pai ake : he kaha ake te tohu mamati, nō reira ka iti iho te turituri tāpiri Whakaatu mōhiohio e pā ana ki te papatono e whakarongo ana ki (te tai Ngā Whakaritenga M8 Mō ngā tūhono M8, he tikanga noa iho mō ngā putanga 3-, 4-, 6-, me ngā putanga 8-pin : 3-pin M8 ngā tūhono : Ka whakamahia nuitia ēnei tūhono ki te pūoko me te whakawhiti taupānga i roto i ngā tautuhinga mahi. I te nuinga o te wā e whaiaho ana nga pine hai tautoko i nga tohu hiko me nga tohu whakahaere. 4-pin M8 ngā tūhono : tara pāohotanga, te panuku kupu, te uhi pukaemi, te mahere huarere... i runga anō i ngā āhuatanga o te pūwhiwhi) Te penapena pūngao (60% iti iho i te FM) I tērā taha, he iti iho te pai o te kaiwhiwhi i roto i nga whare; Nō reira e tika ana kia pupuri i tētahi teihana FM i roto i te whare. Pūwhiwhi DAB+ Ka whakaaetia e te paerewa DAB te pāohotanga mamati o ngā hōtaka reo irirangi, mā ngā ngaru rererangi tere, aorangi rānei. I roto i ngā here kaiwhiwhi pai, he ōrite te kounga ki tērā o ngā pūpāpāho pūoro mamati, ngā pūpāpāho KK He aha te pūngao tidal ? - He pūtake pūngao whakahou tēnei, nā te mea e mōhiotia ana ngā tai, ā, ka tīari tonu ki te wā e whakamahia ana e te Marama me te Rā tō rātou āhuatanga tō-ā-papa ki runga i te Whenua. - He iti, kāore rānei he kohu kohu kati kati, he pokenga hau rānei. ororongo rānei. Heoi anō, i runga anō i te ōwehenga kōpeketanga, he rerekē te kounga. Ko tētahi pūrongo a te CSA4 e tohu ana mā te ōwehenga kōpeketanga me te mokatere 80 kbit/s e tūmanakohia ana i Wīwī, e ōrite ana anake te kounga ki tērā o FM5. Ka taea ia hōtaka te haere tahi me ngā mōhiohio pēnei i tōna ingoa, te tai Ngā Whakaritenga M8 Mō ngā tūhono M8, he tikanga noa iho mō ngā putanga 3-, 4-, 6-, me ngā putanga 8-pin : 3-pin M8 ngā tūhono : Ka whakamahia nuitia ēnei tūhono ki te pūoko me te whakawhiti taupānga i roto i ngā tautuhinga mahi. I te nuinga o te wā e whaiaho ana nga pine hai tautoko i nga tohu hiko me nga tohu whakahaere. 4-pin M8 ngā tūhono : tara o ngā hōtaka, ngā waiata rānei e pāoho ana i runga i te hau, ā, ko ētahi atu atahanga me ngā raraunga. Me whakamahi tētahi pūwhiwhi tika : kāore e taea e ngā pūwhiwhi reo irirangi AM me te FM tūturu te wetewaehere i ngā raraunga mamati DAB5. I whakatauritetia ki te reo irirangi FM, he maha ngā painga e tukuna ana e DAB ki ōna kaiwhakarongo : ngaro ana te turituri papamuri ("hiss") nā te toharite o te kaiwhiwhi, te whakararuraru rānei Āheitanga ki te roma i ētahi atu pou Rārangi teihana aunoa katoa mā te pūwhiwhi ko ngā raraunga e pā ana ki ngā papatono ka whai hua ake pea i ērā i tukuna e te RDS : ngā kuputuhi, ngā atahanga, ngā mōhiohio maha, ngā paetukutuku He pakari ki ngā whakararuraru ina whakamahia i roto i te whāngai pūkoro (kara, tereina) tae atu ki te tere tiketike. pūhihi reo irirangi mamati DAB+ Whakarerenga : whakawaehere ororongo : Ko te tikanga ka whakawaeheretia ngā ihirangi ororongo mā te whakamahi i ngā kotēkē pēnei i te MPEG-4 HE-AAC v2 (putanga Waehere Ororongo Arā Atu Anō Tiketike 2). Ka tukuna e tēnei kotēkē te kounga ororongo tino pai i ngā moka iti rawa, he tino pai mō te roma mamati. Mahaxing : Ko te maha ko te tukanga o te paheko i ngā roma raraunga maha ki tētahi roma raraunga hiato kotahi. I te take o DAB+, ko te raraunga ororongo me ngā raraungameta pāhono (pēnei i te ingoa teihana, tai Ngā Whakaritenga M8 Mō ngā tūhono M8, he tikanga noa iho mō ngā putanga 3-, 4-, 6-, me ngā putanga 8-pin : 3-pin M8 ngā tūhono : Ka whakamahia nuitia ēnei tūhono ki te pūoko me te whakawhiti taupānga i roto i ngā tautuhinga mahi. I te nuinga o te wā e whaiaho ana nga pine hai tautoko i nga tohu hiko me nga tohu whakahaere. 4-pin M8 ngā tūhono : tara waiata, ērā atu mea) ka whakaritea tahitia ki tētahi roma raraunga kotahi. E mawhiti ana : Ina mahax te raraunga ororongo me te raraungameta, ka mawhititia ki tētahi hōputu DAB+-specific mō te pāohotanga. Kei tēnei hōputu ko ngā mōhiohio wā, mōhiohio whakatika hapa, me ētahi atu raraunga e hiahiatia ana mō te tarenga tohu māia, tika hoki. Whakakētanga : Kātahi ka whakawāteatia te tohu mawhiti kia tukuna atu ki runga i tētahi tāhei auau tauwhāiti. Ko te tikanga ka whakamahia e DAB+ te kōwaetanga o te Wāhanga ODM (Te Wāhanga Ororangi), e wehe ana i te tohu ki ngā pūroto maha. Mā tēnei e āhei ai te whakamahi i te hōkaiipurangi me te ātete pai ake ki te whakararuraru. Whakawhitinga : Ina kōwaetia, ka tukuna te tohu e nga tare pāohotanga mā ngā pūhihi motuhake. E pāoho ana ēnei pūhihi i te tohu i tētahi wāhi pānuitanga tauwhāiti. Whakahaeretanga Tāhei : Ka whakamahi te DAB+ i ngā pūkenga pēnei i te kōpeketanga hōkaiipurangi hihiri hei urutau ki ngā here hongere tarenga me te whakamōrahi i te tōtika momo. Mā tēnei ka taea te arotau i te whakamahinga o te tūāwhiotanga reo irirangi e wātea ana. He pakari ki ngā whakararuraru ina whakamahia i roto i te whāngai pūkoro (kara, tereina) tae atu ki te tere tiketike. Reception : Antenna : Hei whiwhi tohu DAB+, me whakarato tētahi pūwhiwhi ki tētahi pūhihi tika. Ka taea te tāpiri i tēnei pūhihi ki roto i te pūwhiwhi, i waho rānei, i runga anō i te pūrere. I hoahoatia kia whiwhi i ngā ngaru irirangi e pāohotia ana e daB+ ngā tare. Kaiwhiwhi tohu : Ina tīpakohia e te pūhihi ngā tohu DAB+, ka tukatuka te pūwhiwhi ki te tango i te raraunga mamati. Ka taea te whakaihi i ngā pūwhiwhi DAB+ ngā pūrere tū-kotahi, ngā kōwae e tāpiritia ana ki ngā reo irirangi, ki ngā pūnaha kaiwhiwhi rānei i roto i ngā waka. Whakaheketanga : Ko te whakahekenga ko te tukanga e tahuri ai te pūwhiwhi i te tohu reo irirangi i tīkina ake hei puka ka taea te whakamahi hei tango raraunga mamati. Mō DAB+, ko te tikanga ko tēnei ko te wetewete i te kōwaetanga o te Wāhanga ODM (Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing) e whakamahia ana hei tarenga. Rapu hapa me te whakatika : Ka mahia hoki e te pūwhiwhi te haurapa hapa me ngā mahi whakatika hei whakarite kia tika te whiwhi raraunga. Ka whakamahia ngā hangarau pēnei i te waeherenga anō (CRC) hei manatoko i te taparenga raraunga me te tika mō ngā hapa tarenga ka taea. Wetewete raraunga : Ina whakahekea te raraunga mamati, ā, ka whakatikaina ngā hapa, ka taea e te pūwhiwhi te tango i te raraunga ororongo me te raraungameta pāhono mai i te roma raraunga DAB+. Kātahi ka tukatukatia tēnei raraunga kia hangaia anō hei oro, hei whakaatu rānei ki te kaiwhakamahi, e ai ki te momo pūwhiwhi me tōna taumahinga. Tahuringa ki te tohu ororongo : Kātahi anō ka tahuritia te raraunga ororongo hei tohu ororongo tai Ngā Whakaritenga M8 Mō ngā tūhono M8, he tikanga noa iho mō ngā putanga 3-, 4-, 6-, me ngā putanga 8-pin : 3-pin M8 ngā tūhono : Ka whakamahia nuitia ēnei tūhono ki te pūoko me te whakawhiti taupānga i roto i ngā tautuhinga mahi. I te nuinga o te wā e whaiaho ana nga pine hai tautoko i nga tohu hiko me nga tohu whakahaere. 4-pin M8 ngā tūhono : ritenga kia purei anō e ngā tukuoro, ngā kawerongo rānei e hono ana ki te pūwhiwhi. Ka taea e tēnei tahuringa te whakauru i ngā hipanga pēnei i te wetewete waehere ororongo (pēnei i te MPEG-4 HE-AAC v2) me te tahuringa mamati-ki-te-analog (DAC). Whakakētanga E whā ngā aratau tarenga e tautuhia ana, kua tatauria mai i I ki IV : - Aratau I, mō Band III, teretere - Aratau II mō L-Band, teretere me te aorangi - Aratau III mō ngā auautanga i raro iho i te 3 GHz, te teretere me te aorangi - Aratau IV mō L-Band, teretere me te aorangi Ko te kōwaetanga e whakamahia ana ko te DQPSK me te tukanga OFDM, e tuku ana i ngā āraitanga pai ki te whakararurarutanga me te whakararurarutanga ā-iwi i takea mai i ngā ara maha. I te Aratau I, e 1,536 ngā kaikawe o te kōwaeTANGA ODM. Ko te wā whai painga o tētahi tohu OFDM ko te 1 ms, nā reira ko ia kaikawe OFDM e noho ana i tētahi tāhei whānui 1 kHz. Ko te mahax e noho ana i tētahi hōkaiipurangi katoa o te 1.536 MHz, kotahi te hauwhā o te hōkaiipurangi o tētahi pouaka whakaata tai Ngā Whakaritenga M8 Mō ngā tūhono M8, he tikanga noa iho mō ngā putanga 3-, 4-, 6-, me ngā putanga 8-pin : 3-pin M8 ngā tūhono : Ka whakamahia nuitia ēnei tūhono ki te pūoko me te whakawhiti taupānga i roto i ngā tautuhinga mahi. I te nuinga o te wā e whaiaho ana nga pine hai tautoko i nga tohu hiko me nga tohu whakahaere. 4-pin M8 ngā tūhono : ritenga. E 246 ngā μs te wā ārai, nā reira ko te roanga katoa o te tohu ko te 1.246 ms. Ko te roanga o te wā ārai e whakatau ana i te tawhiti mōrahi i waenganui i ngā tare he wāhanga o te whatunga ōrite, i tēnei take tata ki te 74 km. Whakahaere Ratonga Kua whakawehea te tere e wātea ana i roto i tētahi taurea ki "ngā ratonga" o ngā momo maha : - ngā ratonga matua : ko ngā pou reo irirangi matua; - Ngā ratonga tuarua : hei tauira, he kōrero hākinakina tāpiri; - Ngā ratonga raraunga : kaiārahi papatono, ngā whakaatakiriata kua tukutahitia ki ngā whakaaturanga, ngā whārangi tukutuku me ngā atahanga, ērā atu mea. Copyright © 2020-2024 instrumentic.info contact@instrumentic.info E whakakake ana mātau ki te tuku i tētahi pae wātea tunu ki a koe me te kore pānuitanga. Ko to tautoko pūtea e haere tonu ana mātau. Pāwhiri !
Pūwhiwhi DAB+ Ka whakaaetia e te paerewa DAB te pāohotanga mamati o ngā hōtaka reo irirangi, mā ngā ngaru rererangi tere, aorangi rānei. I roto i ngā here kaiwhiwhi pai, he ōrite te kounga ki tērā o ngā pūpāpāho pūoro mamati, ngā pūpāpāho KK He aha te pūngao tidal ? - He pūtake pūngao whakahou tēnei, nā te mea e mōhiotia ana ngā tai, ā, ka tīari tonu ki te wā e whakamahia ana e te Marama me te Rā tō rātou āhuatanga tō-ā-papa ki runga i te Whenua. - He iti, kāore rānei he kohu kohu kati kati, he pokenga hau rānei. ororongo rānei. Heoi anō, i runga anō i te ōwehenga kōpeketanga, he rerekē te kounga. Ko tētahi pūrongo a te CSA4 e tohu ana mā te ōwehenga kōpeketanga me te mokatere 80 kbit/s e tūmanakohia ana i Wīwī, e ōrite ana anake te kounga ki tērā o FM5. Ka taea ia hōtaka te haere tahi me ngā mōhiohio pēnei i tōna ingoa, te tai Ngā Whakaritenga M8 Mō ngā tūhono M8, he tikanga noa iho mō ngā putanga 3-, 4-, 6-, me ngā putanga 8-pin : 3-pin M8 ngā tūhono : Ka whakamahia nuitia ēnei tūhono ki te pūoko me te whakawhiti taupānga i roto i ngā tautuhinga mahi. I te nuinga o te wā e whaiaho ana nga pine hai tautoko i nga tohu hiko me nga tohu whakahaere. 4-pin M8 ngā tūhono : tara o ngā hōtaka, ngā waiata rānei e pāoho ana i runga i te hau, ā, ko ētahi atu atahanga me ngā raraunga. Me whakamahi tētahi pūwhiwhi tika : kāore e taea e ngā pūwhiwhi reo irirangi AM me te FM tūturu te wetewaehere i ngā raraunga mamati DAB5. I whakatauritetia ki te reo irirangi FM, he maha ngā painga e tukuna ana e DAB ki ōna kaiwhakarongo : ngaro ana te turituri papamuri ("hiss") nā te toharite o te kaiwhiwhi, te whakararuraru rānei Āheitanga ki te roma i ētahi atu pou Rārangi teihana aunoa katoa mā te pūwhiwhi ko ngā raraunga e pā ana ki ngā papatono ka whai hua ake pea i ērā i tukuna e te RDS : ngā kuputuhi, ngā atahanga, ngā mōhiohio maha, ngā paetukutuku He pakari ki ngā whakararuraru ina whakamahia i roto i te whāngai pūkoro (kara, tereina) tae atu ki te tere tiketike.
pūhihi reo irirangi mamati DAB+ Whakarerenga : whakawaehere ororongo : Ko te tikanga ka whakawaeheretia ngā ihirangi ororongo mā te whakamahi i ngā kotēkē pēnei i te MPEG-4 HE-AAC v2 (putanga Waehere Ororongo Arā Atu Anō Tiketike 2). Ka tukuna e tēnei kotēkē te kounga ororongo tino pai i ngā moka iti rawa, he tino pai mō te roma mamati. Mahaxing : Ko te maha ko te tukanga o te paheko i ngā roma raraunga maha ki tētahi roma raraunga hiato kotahi. I te take o DAB+, ko te raraunga ororongo me ngā raraungameta pāhono (pēnei i te ingoa teihana, tai Ngā Whakaritenga M8 Mō ngā tūhono M8, he tikanga noa iho mō ngā putanga 3-, 4-, 6-, me ngā putanga 8-pin : 3-pin M8 ngā tūhono : Ka whakamahia nuitia ēnei tūhono ki te pūoko me te whakawhiti taupānga i roto i ngā tautuhinga mahi. I te nuinga o te wā e whaiaho ana nga pine hai tautoko i nga tohu hiko me nga tohu whakahaere. 4-pin M8 ngā tūhono : tara waiata, ērā atu mea) ka whakaritea tahitia ki tētahi roma raraunga kotahi. E mawhiti ana : Ina mahax te raraunga ororongo me te raraungameta, ka mawhititia ki tētahi hōputu DAB+-specific mō te pāohotanga. Kei tēnei hōputu ko ngā mōhiohio wā, mōhiohio whakatika hapa, me ētahi atu raraunga e hiahiatia ana mō te tarenga tohu māia, tika hoki. Whakakētanga : Kātahi ka whakawāteatia te tohu mawhiti kia tukuna atu ki runga i tētahi tāhei auau tauwhāiti. Ko te tikanga ka whakamahia e DAB+ te kōwaetanga o te Wāhanga ODM (Te Wāhanga Ororangi), e wehe ana i te tohu ki ngā pūroto maha. Mā tēnei e āhei ai te whakamahi i te hōkaiipurangi me te ātete pai ake ki te whakararuraru. Whakawhitinga : Ina kōwaetia, ka tukuna te tohu e nga tare pāohotanga mā ngā pūhihi motuhake. E pāoho ana ēnei pūhihi i te tohu i tētahi wāhi pānuitanga tauwhāiti. Whakahaeretanga Tāhei : Ka whakamahi te DAB+ i ngā pūkenga pēnei i te kōpeketanga hōkaiipurangi hihiri hei urutau ki ngā here hongere tarenga me te whakamōrahi i te tōtika momo. Mā tēnei ka taea te arotau i te whakamahinga o te tūāwhiotanga reo irirangi e wātea ana. He pakari ki ngā whakararuraru ina whakamahia i roto i te whāngai pūkoro (kara, tereina) tae atu ki te tere tiketike.
Reception : Antenna : Hei whiwhi tohu DAB+, me whakarato tētahi pūwhiwhi ki tētahi pūhihi tika. Ka taea te tāpiri i tēnei pūhihi ki roto i te pūwhiwhi, i waho rānei, i runga anō i te pūrere. I hoahoatia kia whiwhi i ngā ngaru irirangi e pāohotia ana e daB+ ngā tare. Kaiwhiwhi tohu : Ina tīpakohia e te pūhihi ngā tohu DAB+, ka tukatuka te pūwhiwhi ki te tango i te raraunga mamati. Ka taea te whakaihi i ngā pūwhiwhi DAB+ ngā pūrere tū-kotahi, ngā kōwae e tāpiritia ana ki ngā reo irirangi, ki ngā pūnaha kaiwhiwhi rānei i roto i ngā waka. Whakaheketanga : Ko te whakahekenga ko te tukanga e tahuri ai te pūwhiwhi i te tohu reo irirangi i tīkina ake hei puka ka taea te whakamahi hei tango raraunga mamati. Mō DAB+, ko te tikanga ko tēnei ko te wetewete i te kōwaetanga o te Wāhanga ODM (Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing) e whakamahia ana hei tarenga. Rapu hapa me te whakatika : Ka mahia hoki e te pūwhiwhi te haurapa hapa me ngā mahi whakatika hei whakarite kia tika te whiwhi raraunga. Ka whakamahia ngā hangarau pēnei i te waeherenga anō (CRC) hei manatoko i te taparenga raraunga me te tika mō ngā hapa tarenga ka taea. Wetewete raraunga : Ina whakahekea te raraunga mamati, ā, ka whakatikaina ngā hapa, ka taea e te pūwhiwhi te tango i te raraunga ororongo me te raraungameta pāhono mai i te roma raraunga DAB+. Kātahi ka tukatukatia tēnei raraunga kia hangaia anō hei oro, hei whakaatu rānei ki te kaiwhakamahi, e ai ki te momo pūwhiwhi me tōna taumahinga. Tahuringa ki te tohu ororongo : Kātahi anō ka tahuritia te raraunga ororongo hei tohu ororongo tai Ngā Whakaritenga M8 Mō ngā tūhono M8, he tikanga noa iho mō ngā putanga 3-, 4-, 6-, me ngā putanga 8-pin : 3-pin M8 ngā tūhono : Ka whakamahia nuitia ēnei tūhono ki te pūoko me te whakawhiti taupānga i roto i ngā tautuhinga mahi. I te nuinga o te wā e whaiaho ana nga pine hai tautoko i nga tohu hiko me nga tohu whakahaere. 4-pin M8 ngā tūhono : ritenga kia purei anō e ngā tukuoro, ngā kawerongo rānei e hono ana ki te pūwhiwhi. Ka taea e tēnei tahuringa te whakauru i ngā hipanga pēnei i te wetewete waehere ororongo (pēnei i te MPEG-4 HE-AAC v2) me te tahuringa mamati-ki-te-analog (DAC).
Whakakētanga E whā ngā aratau tarenga e tautuhia ana, kua tatauria mai i I ki IV : - Aratau I, mō Band III, teretere - Aratau II mō L-Band, teretere me te aorangi - Aratau III mō ngā auautanga i raro iho i te 3 GHz, te teretere me te aorangi - Aratau IV mō L-Band, teretere me te aorangi Ko te kōwaetanga e whakamahia ana ko te DQPSK me te tukanga OFDM, e tuku ana i ngā āraitanga pai ki te whakararurarutanga me te whakararurarutanga ā-iwi i takea mai i ngā ara maha. I te Aratau I, e 1,536 ngā kaikawe o te kōwaeTANGA ODM. Ko te wā whai painga o tētahi tohu OFDM ko te 1 ms, nā reira ko ia kaikawe OFDM e noho ana i tētahi tāhei whānui 1 kHz. Ko te mahax e noho ana i tētahi hōkaiipurangi katoa o te 1.536 MHz, kotahi te hauwhā o te hōkaiipurangi o tētahi pouaka whakaata tai Ngā Whakaritenga M8 Mō ngā tūhono M8, he tikanga noa iho mō ngā putanga 3-, 4-, 6-, me ngā putanga 8-pin : 3-pin M8 ngā tūhono : Ka whakamahia nuitia ēnei tūhono ki te pūoko me te whakawhiti taupānga i roto i ngā tautuhinga mahi. I te nuinga o te wā e whaiaho ana nga pine hai tautoko i nga tohu hiko me nga tohu whakahaere. 4-pin M8 ngā tūhono : ritenga. E 246 ngā μs te wā ārai, nā reira ko te roanga katoa o te tohu ko te 1.246 ms. Ko te roanga o te wā ārai e whakatau ana i te tawhiti mōrahi i waenganui i ngā tare he wāhanga o te whatunga ōrite, i tēnei take tata ki te 74 km.
Whakahaere Ratonga Kua whakawehea te tere e wātea ana i roto i tētahi taurea ki "ngā ratonga" o ngā momo maha : - ngā ratonga matua : ko ngā pou reo irirangi matua; - Ngā ratonga tuarua : hei tauira, he kōrero hākinakina tāpiri; - Ngā ratonga raraunga : kaiārahi papatono, ngā whakaatakiriata kua tukutahitia ki ngā whakaaturanga, ngā whārangi tukutuku me ngā atahanga, ērā atu mea.