Ko te nuinga o ngā pūrere ināianei kua hangaia ki te waea ngaohiko mamati, me te nui ōkiko kia tahuritia hei ngaohiko mā te pūoko tika.

Ko te take tēnei o te inemaha mamati, tāpiri atu ki te whakahere i te taumahi voltmeter, neke atu rānei i te kotahi ngaohiko kaitahuri onāianei hei whakahaere hei ineme me tētahi manawa onāianei taimau hei mahi hei inemetera.

Kua mōrearea, ahakoa ka whakamahia tonutia hei tohu tere o te raupapa o te raupapa, te tāupetanga rānei o te ngaohiko ine. Ko te tikanga, kotahi manomano kai roto i te rangatū, he ātete tiketike. Heoi anō, ko tēnei ātete, o te raupapa o ētahi kΩ, he tino iti iho i te ātete ā-roto o ngā voltmeters mamati, i te nuinga o te wā e ōrite ana ki te 10 MΩ.

Mō tēnei take, ka whakakitea e ngā ngaohiko tairitenga tētahi whakararuraru nui ake ki roto i ngā huringa ka whakaurua ki roto i ngā voltmeters mamati.
Hei whakawhāiti i tēnei whakararuraru, i haere tonu mātau ki te whakamahi i ngā rōrehu tae atu ki te tairongotanga o te 15 ngā meroiti mō te tauine katoa i ngā pūmana huri noa (ngaohikometera-micro-ammeter-ammeter-ohmmeter-capacimeter combination). (Metrix MX 205 A hei tauira)

Ko te ine ngaohiko magnetoelectric ko tētahi ine-iarere, nō reira he mirimita āhua mōrahi a magnetoelectric, i roto i ngā rangatū me tētahi ātetetanga tāpiri o te uara tiketike (mai i ētahi kΩ ruarua ki ētahi rau kΩ).
Ko te ine ngaohiko me ngā ine ine maha e hangaia ana ma te huri i te uara o te ātete tāpiri. Mō ngā MEASUREMENTS O NāIANEI, kua taupokitia tētahi arawhiti whakaora waea, engari ka taea anake e tēnei aratuka te ine i ngā ngaohiko sinusoidal. Heoi anō, he maha ō rātou painga : kāore he pūhiko hei mahi.

Anō hoki, he whānui ake tō rātou hōkaiipurangi, e whakaaetia ana ngā inenga AC neke atu i ngā rau kirohertz i reira e whāiti ana tētahi tauira mamati paerewa ki ētahi rau hertz ruarua.
Nā tēnei pea ka tino whakamahia tonutia ki te whakamātau i runga i ngā taputapu hiko e mahi ana i ngā auau tiketike (KIA ORA-FI)

Ko te ine ngaohiko aroele-matimati, he ine-iamanga weriwhero i roto i ngā rangatū me tētahi ātetetanga anō o te uara tiketike (mai i ngā rau ruarua Ω ki ētahi rau kΩ). E ai ki ngā ine o taua momo ōrite mō ngā o nāianei, ka taea e rātou te ine i te uara pai o ngā ngaohiko o tētahi hanga (engari i te auau iti) < 1 kHz).

Ko te tikanga, ko tētahi kaitahuri tairitenga-ki-mamati, he pūnaha tukatuka me tētahi pūnaha whakaatu.

Ka taea anake te whakamahi mō te inenga o ngā ngaohiko sinusoidal i roto i te awhe auau o ngā whatunga tūaritanga hiko. Ko te ngaohiko hei ine i whakatikaia e tētahi arawhiti waea, ā, ka whakamahia hei ngaohiko DC. Kātahi ka whakaatu te ine ngaohiko i tētahi uara kia ōrite ki te 1.11 wā te uara wawaenga o te ngaohiko whakawhāiti. Mēnā he sinusoidal te ngaohiko, ko te hua e whakaaturia ana ko te uara pai o te ngaohiko; mehemea kaore, kaore he āhuatanga.

Ko te nuinga o ngā pūrere i runga i te mākete ka mahia tēnei inenga i roto i ngā hipanga e toru :

1 - Ka whakarewaina te ngaohiko e tētahi taurea tairitenga tōtika.
2 - Mahia ai e te pūrere te tahuringa tairitenga-ki-mamati o te wawaenga o te tapawhā o te ngaohiko
3 - Kātahi ka whakamahi tau te pūtake rua o tēnei uara.

Nā te mea he mōtete nui te taurea tairitenga tika, ko ēnei inehiko e toru ki te whā he nui ake te utu i ngā mea o mua. Mā te tata tapeke katoa o te tatauranga e whakaiti ana i te utu me te pai ake i te tika.

Ka whakamahia hoki ētahi atu aratuka inenga, hei tauira :

- Ko te tahuringa tairitenga-ki-te-mamati o te ngaohiko hei ine, kātahi ko te tukanga mamati katoa o te tatauranga o te "pūtake rua o te tapawhā wawaenga".
- Ko te whakaōritetanga o te pānga wera i hangaia e te ngaohiko tāupe, ā, i hangaia e te ngaohiko DC ka inetia i taua wā.

E rua ngā momo voltmeters "tino pai" :

- TRMS (mai i te Ingarihi True Root Mean Square ko te tikanga "pono pūtake rua pūtake") - Kei te inetia te uara tōtika o te ngaohiko tāupe.
- RMS (mai i te Ingarihi Root Mean Square ko te tikanga "wawaenga pūtake rua") - Ko te uara RMS e whiwhi ana a mā te tātari ka whakakore i te wae dc (uara toharite) o te ngaohiko, ā, ka whakaaetia kia whiwhi i te uara tōtika o te pūrei ngaohiko.

I hangaia, i hangaia hoki te ine ngaohiko mamati tuatahi e Andy Kei i te tau kotahi mano.
Ka kawea atu te inenga me tētahi voltmeter mā te hono whakarara ki te wāhanga o te arawhiti e hiahiatia ana tōna rerekētanga.
Nō reira i roto i te ariā, kia kore ai e huri te tūaritanga o te pūrere i te tuaritanga o ngā moka me ngā pūpāpāho i roto i te arawhiti, kāore he take o nāianei e rere ki tōna pūoko. E whakamātau ana tēnei he mutunga kore te ātete ā roto o te pūoko kōrero, he nui rawa rānei i te itinga rawa atu ki te ātetetanga o te arawhiti kia inetia.